Pediatric Urology Phimosis At the end of the first year of life, retraction of the…

Male Hypogonadism
Male Hypogonadism
Hypogonadism is characterized by impaired testicular function, which may affect spermatogenesis and/or testosterone synthesis. The symptoms of hypogonadism depend on the degree of androgen deficiency and if the condition develops before or after pubertal development of the secondary sex characteristics.
- Primary (hypergonadotropic) hypogonadism due to testicular failure.
- Secondary (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism caused by insufficient gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and/or gonadotropin (FSH, LH) secretion.
- Androgen insensitivity (end-organ resistance).
Risk Factors
- Genetic factors
- some drugs and hormones
- anabolic steroids,
- Tumors
Treatments
Hormonal treatment
Human chorionic gonadotropin or GnRH is not recommended for the treatment of cryptorchidism in adulthood.
Surgical treatment
In adolescence removal of intra-abdominal testis (with a normal contralateral testis) can be recommended, because of the theoretical risk of later malignancy. In adulthood, a palpable undescended testis should not be removed because it still produces testosterone. Furthermore, correction of bilateral cryptorchidism, even in adulthood, can lead to sperm production in previously azoospermic men.
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