Central cord syndrome (CCS) Central cord syndrome (CCS) is an incomplete traumatic injury to the cervical spine resulting in more extensive motor weakness in the upper extremities than the lower extremities. The mechanism of injury occurs from a forceful hyperextension neck injury with prior existence…
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) Low back pain affects millions of people every year and, in most cases, it improves without surgery. But severe back pain can be a symptom of a serious condition that is not well known and is…
Artificial lumbar disc surgery is an alternative to spinal fusion surgery, a common operation performed on about 200,000 people a year with degenerative disc disease in the lumbar spine (lower back). Spinal fusion surgery creates a solid union between two or…
artificial cervical disc surgery Currently, the most common form of surgery for treating cervical degenerative disc disease is an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). More than 200,000 cervical procedures are performed each year to relieve compression on the spinal…
Sometimes an underlying disease or condition, such as Graves’ disease or a tumor behind the eyeball, causes one or both eyeballs to bulge forward in the orbits. In some cases, an infection that has spread to the soft tissue of…
Eyelid problems range from benign, self-resolving processes to malignant, possibly metastatic, tumors. Fortunately, most eyelid disorders are not vision-threatening or life-threatening; however, many cause irritative symptoms such as burning, foreign-body sensation or pain. Ptosis [h3] Ptosis is a condition in…
Since the outside of the eye is in direct contact with the environment, it is susceptible to infections and injuries. There are also a number of hereditary diseases which can impact the outer eye.
Many eye diseases have no early symptoms. They may be painless, and you may see no change in your vision until the disease has become quite advanced.
In the eye, the cornea and lens work together to refract (bend) light rays from viewed objects and focus them on the retina, thereby producing an image. In normal vision, the light focuses directly on the retina, producing a sharp,…
innovative techniques Platelet-rich plasma therapy Times have changed since the days of bloodletting, when doctors treated their patients by taking blood out of them. Now a procedure called platelet-rich plasma therapy has emerged that involves injecting a portion of the…